{"id":45740,"date":"2022-06-27T19:20:30","date_gmt":"2022-06-27T17:20:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/slovnik-pojmov\/"},"modified":"2022-06-27T19:20:30","modified_gmt":"2022-06-27T10:20:30","slug":"slovnik-pojmov","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/","title":{"rendered":"Slovn\u00edk pojmov"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_section el_class=&#8220;words-nav border-bottom&#8220;][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-padding-top uk-padding-bottom&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Slovn\u00edk pojmov&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h1|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h1-border&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<ul class=\"uk-flex uk-margin uk-grid\">\n<li class=\"uk-first-column\"><a class=\"textlink-hover\" href=\"#words01\">ABC<i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-down uk-margin-small-left\"><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"textlink-hover\" href=\"#words02\">DEF<i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-down uk-margin-small-left\"><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"textlink-hover\" href=\"#words03\">GHI<i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-down uk-margin-small-left\"><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"textlink-hover\" href=\"#words04\">JKL<i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-down uk-margin-small-left\"><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"textlink-hover\" href=\"#words05\">MNO<i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-down uk-margin-small-left\"><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"textlink-hover\" href=\"#words06\">PQR<i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-down uk-margin-small-left\"><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"textlink-hover\" href=\"#words07\">STU<i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-down uk-margin-small-left\"><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"textlink-hover\" href=\"#words08\">VWX<i class=\"fa-solid fa-chevron-down uk-margin-small-left\"><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section][vc_section][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-container-medium uk-margin-large uk-padding-top&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;ABC&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na A&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220; el_id=&#8220;words01&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Aktivovan\u00fd kal<\/th>\n<td>Technol\u00f3gia \u010distenia na odstra\u0148ovanie organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faca mikroorganizmy v kale rozpt\u00fdlen\u00edm \u201eaktivovan\u00e9ho kalu\u201c, v ktorom s\u00fa mikroorganizmy zhluknut\u00e9 za aer\u00f3bnych podmienok v odpadovej vode. Prebyto\u010dn\u00fd aktivovan\u00fd kal sa zo septiku odstra\u0148uje a n\u00e1sledne spracov\u00e1va.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Aer\u00e1cia (prevzdu\u0161\u0148ovanie)<\/th>\n<td>Pri \u010disten\u00ed odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d ide o vh\u00e1\u0148anie alebo mie\u0161anie vzduchu s cie\u013eom doda\u0165 kysl\u00edk potrebn\u00fd pre mikroorganizmy na rozklad organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Prebubl\u00e1vanie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Aktiva\u010dn\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e<\/th>\n<td>Zariadenie (n\u00e1dr\u017e), v ktorom sa aktivovan\u00fd kal a odpadov\u00e1 voda mie\u0161aj\u00fa a prevzdu\u0161\u0148uj\u00fa, aby mikroorganizmy mohli rozklada\u0165 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v odpadovej vode.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Aer\u00f3bny<\/th>\n<td>Stav vy\u017eaduj\u00faci pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 kysl\u00edka alebo z\u00e1visl\u00fd od jeho pr\u00edtomnosti. Aer\u00f3bne bakt\u00e9rie (mikroorganizmy, ktor\u00e9 dobre rast\u00fa v pr\u00edtomnosti kysl\u00edka). R\u00fdchlos\u0165 ferment\u00e1cie v tomto stave je vysok\u00e1 a proces prebieha bez z\u00e1pachu.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[S\u00favisiaci pojem] Anaer\u00f3bny<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Anaer\u00f3bny<\/th>\n<td>Stav vy\u017eaduj\u00faci nepr\u00edtomnos\u0165 kysl\u00edka alebo nez\u00e1visl\u00fd od jeho pr\u00edtomnosti. Tento stav sa vyu\u017e\u00edva pri vyhn\u00edvan\u00ed anaer\u00f3bneho kalu (mikroorganizmov, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu r\u00e1s\u0165 bez kysl\u00edka) alebo ke\u010f prebieha anaer\u00f3bna stabiliz\u00e1cia. Ferment\u00e1cia v tomto stave postupuje pomaly a uvo\u013e\u0148uje z\u00e1pach (napr\u00edklad s\u00edrovod\u00edk).<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[S\u00favisiaci pojem] Aer\u00f3bny<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Ani\u00f3n<\/th>\n<td>Z\u00e1porn\u00fd i\u00f3n. Ani\u00f3nov\u00fd koagulant = koagulant so z\u00e1porn\u00fdmi i\u00f3nmi<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[S\u00favisiaci pojem] Kati\u00f3n, nei\u00f3nov\u00fd<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na B&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Biochemick\u00e1 spotreba kysl\u00edka<\/th>\n<td>Mno\u017estvo kysl\u00edka spotrebovan\u00e9 mikroorganizmami na rozklad organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch vo vode. Typick\u00fd ukazovate\u013e na meranie organick\u00e9ho zne\u010distenia riek. Vyu\u017e\u00edva skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm je voda zne\u010distenej\u0161ia, t\u00fdm viac kysl\u00edka mikroorganizmy vy\u017eaduj\u00fa. Ide o d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd parameter na v\u00fdpo\u010det pribli\u017en\u00e9ho mno\u017estva kalu z hodnoty biochemickej spotreby kysl\u00edka (BSK) na pr\u00edtoku do \u010distiarne odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. Vysok\u00e9 hodnoty BSK m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k nedostatku rozpusten\u00e9ho kysl\u00edka. Pri hodnote BSK 10 mg\/l alebo vy\u0161\u0161ej vznik\u00e1 nepr\u00edjemn\u00fd z\u00e1pach.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small text-indent\">\n<p>[Skratky] BSK (biochemick\u00e1 spotreba kysl\u00edka)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Biologick\u00e9 \u010distenie<\/th>\n<td>Sp\u00f4sob \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faci schopnos\u0165 mikroorganizmov rozklada\u0165 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v odpadovej vode.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na C&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Kati\u00f3n<\/th>\n<td>Kladn\u00fd i\u00f3n. Kati\u00f3nov\u00fd koagulant = koagulant s kladn\u00fdmi i\u00f3nmi<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[S\u00favisiaci pojem] Ani\u00f3n, nei\u00f3nov\u00fd<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Chemick\u00e1 spotreba kysl\u00edka<\/th>\n<td>Mno\u017estvo oxidovadla spotrebovan\u00e9 pri rozklade organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok vo vode pomocou oxida\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dinidla prepo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 na mno\u017estvo kysl\u00edka. Sl\u00fa\u017ei ako ukazovate\u013e miery zne\u010distenia vody organick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami. Hodnota chemickej spotreby kysl\u00edka (CHSK) b\u00fdva vy\u0161\u0161ia ako hodnota biochemickej spotreby kysl\u00edka (BSK).<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[Skratky] CHSK (chemick\u00e1 spotreba kysl\u00edka)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Chemick\u00e9 zr\u00e1\u017eanie<\/th>\n<td>Met\u00f3da odde\u013eovania nerozpusten\u00fdch l\u00e1tok a nadsedimentovanej vody pridan\u00edm koagulantu a v pr\u00edpade potreby polym\u00e9ru do odpadovej vody s cie\u013eom zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161i\u0165 priemer \u010dast\u00edc nerozpusten\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, \u010d\u00edm sa ur\u00fdchli proces usadzovania.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[S\u00favisiaci pojem] Flot\u00e1cia rozpusten\u00fdm vzduchom<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Aktiv\u00e1cia<\/th>\n<td>Met\u00f3da \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d vh\u00e1\u0148an\u00edm vzduchu do zmesi odpadovej vody a kalu obsahuj\u00faceho mikroorganizmy naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho aktivovan\u00fd kal, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje mikroorganizmom absorbova\u0165 a rozklada\u0165 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v odpadovej vode. Naz\u00fdva sa aj konven\u010dn\u00fd aktiva\u010dn\u00fd proces.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-container-medium uk-margin-large uk-padding-top&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;DEF&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h3&#8243; el_id=&#8220;words02&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na D&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>DAF (flot\u00e1cia rozpusten\u00fdm vzduchom)<\/th>\n<td>Met\u00f3da \u010distenia, pri ktorej sa vzduch rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a vo vode pod tlakom a pri n\u00e1slednom zn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed tlaku sa pevn\u00e9 \u010dastice vo vode navia\u017eu na vzniknut\u00e9 jemn\u00e9 vzduchov\u00e9 bublinky, ktor\u00e9 ich vztlakom vynes\u00fa na hladinu. Princ\u00edp je rovnak\u00fd ako pri tvorbe drobn\u00fdch bubliniek v okamihu otvorenia f\u013ea\u0161e so s\u00fdten\u00fdm n\u00e1pojom.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Kalov\u00fd kol\u00e1\u010d<\/th>\n<td>Zvy\u0161kov\u00fd materi\u00e1l kalu po odvodnen\u00ed pomocou technol\u00f3gie na odvod\u0148ovanie kalu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Flot\u00e1cia rozpusten\u00fdm vzduchom<\/th>\n<td>Met\u00f3da \u010distenia, pri ktorej sa vzduch rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a vo vode pod tlakom a pri n\u00e1slednom zn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed tlaku sa pevn\u00e9 \u010dastice vo vode navia\u017eu na vzniknut\u00e9 jemn\u00e9 vzduchov\u00e9 bublinky, ktor\u00e9 ich vztlakom vynes\u00fa na hladinu. Princ\u00edp je rovnak\u00fd ako pri tvorbe drobn\u00fdch bubliniek v okamihu otvorenia f\u013ea\u0161e so s\u00fdten\u00fdm n\u00e1pojom.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[Skratky] DAF (Dissolved Air Flotation)<br \/>\n[S\u00favisiaci pojem] Chemick\u00e9 zr\u00e1\u017eanie<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Spla\u0161kov\u00e1 odpadov\u00e1 voda<\/th>\n<td>Odpadov\u00e1 voda vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00e1 z dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed, napr\u00edklad z toaliet, kuch\u00fd\u0148, k\u00fape\u013en\u00ed, pr\u00e1\u010dovn\u00ed a pri varen\u00ed, s v\u00fdnimkou priemyseln\u00fdch odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00fdch do verejn\u00fdch vodn\u00fdch tokov (Z\u00e1kon o prevencii zne\u010dis\u0165ovania v\u00f4d z roku 1970). Spla\u0161kov\u00e1 odpadov\u00e1 voda bez fek\u00e1li\u00ed sa ozna\u010duje ako siv\u00e1 odpadov\u00e1 voda. Spla\u0161kov\u00e9 odpadov\u00e9 vody sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou zne\u010dis\u0165ovania v\u00f4d, napr\u00edklad eutrofiz\u00e1cie v d\u00f4sledku pr\u00edtomnosti dus\u00edka a fosforu v odpadovej vode. Je \u017eiaduce, aby boli k dispoz\u00edcii \u010distiarne odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d a aby sa namiesto \u010disti\u010diek spla\u0161kov\u00fdch v\u00f4d z toaliet, ktor\u00e9 vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa ostatn\u00e9 spla\u0161kov\u00e9 vody bez vy\u010distenia, roz\u0161\u00edrili kombinovan\u00e9 septiky.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na F&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Chlorid \u017eelezit\u00fd<\/th>\n<td>Chlorid \u017eelezit\u00fd. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa ako anorganick\u00fd koagulant. Oce\u013e SUS304 nie je odoln\u00e1 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii sp\u00f4sobenej chloridom \u017eelezit\u00fdm a rozlept\u00e1 sa.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[Chemick\u00fd vzorec] FeCl\u2083<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>S\u00edran \u017eelezit\u00fd<\/th>\n<td>Anorganick\u00fd koagulant. Ide o \u010dervenohned\u00fa kvapalinu s mernou hmotnos\u0165ou 1,45. Je v\u00fdrazne menej koroz\u00edvny ako chlorid \u017eelezit\u00fd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Obsah vl\u00e1kien<\/th>\n<td>Ide o nerozpusten\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 sa zachytia na \u0161tandardnom site s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou \u00f4k 0,075 mm (200 mesh) alebo 0,15 mm (100 mesh). Spolu so stratou \u017e\u00edhan\u00edm tento faktor ovplyv\u0148uje \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 odvod\u0148ovania kalu; \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je obsah vl\u00e1kien, t\u00fdm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed b\u00fdva obsah vody.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Dosadzovacia n\u00e1dr\u017e (sekund\u00e1rna usadzovacia n\u00e1dr\u017e)<\/th>\n<td>Zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje usadzovanie a oddelenie kalu a vy\u010distenej vody vznikaj\u00facich pri biologickom \u010disten\u00ed v reaktorovej n\u00e1dr\u017ei. Nadsedimentovan\u00e1 voda sa dezinfikuje a n\u00e1sledne vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a do riek a mora. Ke\u010f\u017ee sl\u00fa\u017ei na \u010d\u00edrenie a usadzovanie vody, naz\u00fdva sa aj usadzovacia n\u00e1dr\u017e.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-container-medium uk-margin-large uk-padding-top&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;GHI&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_id=&#8220;words03&#8243; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na G&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Gravita\u010dn\u00e9 zahus\u0165ovanie<\/th>\n<td>Met\u00f3da, pri ktorej sa kal napust\u00ed do n\u00e1dr\u017ee a nech\u00e1 sa v pokoji, k\u00fdm sa nerozpusten\u00e9 l\u00e1tky neusadia, a n\u00e1sledne sa sediment odoberie. Ide o sp\u00f4sob koncentrovania kalu p\u00f4soben\u00edm gravit\u00e1cie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Siv\u00e1 voda (\u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e1 recyklovan\u00e1 voda)<\/th>\n<td>Syst\u00e9m recykl\u00e1cie vody, v ktorom sa da\u017e\u010fov\u00e1 voda a odpadov\u00e1 voda recykluj\u00fa a op\u00e4tovne vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako voda na splachovanie toaliet alebo na zavla\u017eovanie. Technol\u00f3gie \u0161etriace vodu umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa efekt\u00edvne vyu\u017e\u00edvanie obmedzen\u00fdch vodn\u00fdch zdrojov. Naz\u00fdva sa siv\u00e1 voda, preto\u017ee kvalitou stoj\u00ed medzi pitnou vodou z vodovodu a spla\u0161kovou odpadovou vodou. Siv\u00e1 voda sa op\u00e4tovne vyu\u017e\u00edva ako voda na splachovanie toaliet, chladiaca voda, voda dop\u013a\u0148an\u00e1 do riek, kan\u00e1lov a sladkovodn\u00fdch jazier, voda na polievanie rastl\u00edn a \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e1 voda pre z\u00e1hrady. Recyklovan\u00e1 voda vy\u010disten\u00e1 v \u010distiarni odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d predstavuje v mest\u00e1ch cenn\u00fd vodn\u00fd zdroj.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Lapa\u010d tukov<\/th>\n<td>Odlu\u010dova\u010d tukov a olejov. Komer\u010dn\u00e9 kuchyne a stravovacie prev\u00e1dzky s\u00fa povinn\u00e9 ma\u0165 nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 lapa\u010de tukov. Odde\u013eovan\u00edm, zachyt\u00e1van\u00edm a do\u010dasn\u00fdm zadr\u017eiavan\u00edm zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok, ako s\u00fa tuky, oleje a zvy\u0161ky potrav\u00edn obsiahnut\u00e9 v odpadovej vode, lapa\u010de tukov zabra\u0148uj\u00fa ich priamemu vniknutiu do kanaliza\u010dnej siete.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na H&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0164a\u017ek\u00e9 kovy<\/th>\n<td>Kovy s mernou hmotnos\u0165ou 4 a\u017e 5 alebo vy\u0161\u0161ou, ako s\u00fa zlato, platina, striebro, ortu\u0165, chr\u00f3m, kadmium, olovo a \u017eelezo, sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 kovy. Mnoh\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 kovy s\u00fa vysoko toxick\u00e9. Pri opakovanom po\u017eit\u00ed, hoci aj v stopov\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch, sa hromadia v organizme a \u0161kodia \u013eudsk\u00e9mu zdraviu.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[Opa\u010dn\u00fd pojem] \u013dahk\u00e9 kovy: hlin\u00edk at\u010f.<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na I&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Priemyseln\u00fd odpad<\/th>\n<td>Odpad vznikaj\u00faci pri podnikate\u013eskej a priemyselnej \u010dinnosti vr\u00e1tane zvy\u0161kov po spa\u013eovan\u00ed, kalov, odpadov\u00fdch olejov, odpadov\u00fdch kysel\u00edn a odpadov\u00fdch z\u00e1sad, ktor\u00fd celkovo zah\u0155\u0148a 20 kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed odpadu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Frekven\u010dn\u00fd meni\u010d<\/th>\n<td>Sl\u00fa\u017ei na riadenie ot\u00e1\u010dok elektromotora pomocou striedav\u00e9ho nap\u00e1jania s premenliv\u00fdm nap\u00e4t\u00edm a frekvenciou prostredn\u00edctvom frekven\u010dn\u00e9ho meni\u010da. Ozna\u010duje sa aj ako frekven\u010dn\u00e9 riadenie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-container-medium uk-margin-large uk-padding-top&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;JKL&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_id=&#8220;words04&#8243; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na L&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Lag\u00fana (stabiliza\u010dn\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e)<\/th>\n<td>Ve\u013ek\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e s odpadovou vodou ponechanou jeden de\u0148 a\u017e nieko\u013eko mesiacov, ktor\u00e1 sa vyu\u017e\u00edva na viacer\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely vr\u00e1tane:<br \/>\nregul\u00e1cie prietoku pri maxim\u00e1lnom pr\u00edtoku odpadovej vody; usadzovania odpadovej vody ako pri be\u017enej sedimenta\u010dnej met\u00f3de; spriepustnenia p\u00f4dy na dne na odvod\u0148ovanie kalu; dokon\u010denia reakcie chemick\u00e9ho \u010distiaceho roztoku; biologick\u00e9ho rozkladu odpadovej vody a prirodzen\u00e9ho odparovania.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Lag\u00fanov\u00e9 \u010distenie<\/th>\n<td>Typ procesu \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, pri ktorom sa odpadov\u00e1 voda zadr\u017eiava v n\u00e1dr\u017ei (lag\u00fane) po\u010das dlh\u00e9ho obdobia (nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed a\u017e nieko\u013eko desiatok dn\u00ed) a \u010dist\u00ed sa sediment\u00e1ciou a p\u00f4soben\u00edm mikroorganizmov. Ke\u010f\u017ee sa zvy\u010dajne vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 vodn\u00e9 plochy a mokrade, tento proces \u010distenia je v porovnan\u00ed s koncov\u00fdmi \u010distiar\u0148ami odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d stavebne menej n\u00e1kladn\u00fd a spotreb\u00fava ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo energie, vy\u017eaduje si v\u0161ak v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu plochu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00danik (pretekanie kalu)<\/th>\n<td>Pr\u00edpad netesnosti alebo \u00faniku. V pr\u00edpade n\u00e1\u0161ho odvod\u0148ovacieho lisu VOLUTE\u2122 tento pojem ozna\u010duje jav, pri ktorom kal vytek\u00e1 z vn\u00fatra odvod\u0148ovacieho valca smerom von.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-container-medium uk-margin-large uk-padding-top&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;MNO&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_id=&#8220;words05&#8243; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na M&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Karta bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch \u00fadajov<\/th>\n<td>Obsahuje inform\u00e1cie nevyhnutn\u00e9 na bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 zaobch\u00e1dzanie s chemick\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobkami (n\u00e1zov, n\u00e1zov v\u00fdrobcu, vlastnosti chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, sp\u00f4soby manipul\u00e1cie, druhy nebezpe\u010denstva a toxicity, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 opatrenia, opatrenia prvej pomoci a pri nehod\u00e1ch at\u010f.). Ide o dokument dod\u00e1van\u00fd ku ka\u017ed\u00e9mu v\u00fdrobku dod\u00e1vate\u013emi chemick\u00fdch pr\u00edpravkov podnikom, ktor\u00e9 s nimi manipuluj\u00fa, s cie\u013eom predch\u00e1dza\u0165 nehod\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm s chemick\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobkami.<\/p>\n<p>[Skratky] KB\u00da \/ MSDS (karta bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch \u00fadajov)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 separ\u00e1cia<\/th>\n<td>Technol\u00f3gia \u010distenia odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d, pri ktorej sa na fyzik\u00e1lne oddelenie odpadovej vody a \u010distej vody pou\u017e\u00edva polopriepustn\u00e1 membr\u00e1na alebo in\u00fd prvok. Umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edska\u0165 mimoriadne \u010dist\u00fa vy\u010disten\u00fa vodu, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 pri nej vznik\u00e1 kal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Zmesn\u00fd surov\u00fd kal<\/th>\n<td>Zmes prim\u00e1rneho kalu a prebyto\u010dn\u00e9ho aktivovan\u00e9ho kalu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>MLSS (koncentr\u00e1cia aktivovan\u00e9ho kalu)<\/th>\n<td>Ukazovate\u013e koncentr\u00e1cie aktivovan\u00e9ho kalu v aktiva\u010dnej n\u00e1dr\u017ei. Koncentr\u00e1cie sa \u010dasto pohybuj\u00fa okolo 1 000 a\u017e 2 000 mg\/l pri klasickej aktiv\u00e1cii a 2 000 a\u017e 5 000 mg\/l pri met\u00f3de oxida\u010dnej priekopy.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[Skratky] MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids \u2013 koncentr\u00e1cia aktivovan\u00e9ho kalu)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na O&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Gener\u00e1lna oprava<\/th>\n<td>Proces rozobratia strojov\u00e9ho zariadenia na jednotliv\u00e9 diely, ich vy\u010distenia a op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho zlo\u017eenia s cie\u013eom obnovi\u0165 jeho p\u00f4vodn\u00fd prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon (skr\u00e1tene demont\u00e1\u017e, kontrola, oprava a nastavenie).<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[Skratky] GO (OH)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Met\u00f3da oxida\u010dnej priekopy<\/th>\n<td>Aktiv\u00e1cia, pri ktorej je v cirkula\u010dnom \u017e\u013eabe nain\u0161talovan\u00fd aer\u00e1tor. Existuj\u00fa dva typy met\u00f3d oxida\u010dnej priekopy: pri prvom sa vy\u010disten\u00e1 voda odober\u00e1 priamo z \u010dasti \u017e\u013eabu a pri druhom je nain\u0161talovan\u00e1 usadzovacia n\u00e1dr\u017e. Najnov\u0161ou prevl\u00e1daj\u00facou met\u00f3dou je vytvorenie aer\u00f3bnych a anaer\u00f3bnych z\u00f3n vhodn\u00fdm usporiadan\u00edm aer\u00e1torov, \u010d\u00edm sa zabr\u00e1ni poklesu pH a zabezpe\u010d\u00ed sa odstra\u0148ovanie dus\u00edka.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[Skratky] Met\u00f3da OD (oxida\u010dn\u00e1 priekopa)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-container-medium uk-margin-large uk-padding-top&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;PQR&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_id=&#8220;words06&#8243; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na P&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Odstra\u0148ovanie fosforu<\/th>\n<td>Zl\u00fa\u010deniny fosforu (najm\u00e4 anorganick\u00e9 alebo organick\u00e9 fosfore\u010dnany) v r\u00f4znych form\u00e1ch v odpadovej vode sa musia odstra\u0148ova\u0165, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo eutrofiz\u00e1cii vodn\u00fdch tokov a n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed. Met\u00f3dy odstra\u0148ovania sa v z\u00e1sade delia na dve skupiny: biologick\u00e9 a fyzik\u00e1lno-chemick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy. Fyzik\u00e1lno-chemick\u00e1 met\u00f3da zah\u0155\u0148a chemick\u00e9 zr\u00e1\u017eanie, pri ktorom sa fosfor vyzr\u00e1\u017ea ako nerozpustn\u00e1 so\u013e pridan\u00edm koagulantov, napr\u00edklad sol\u00ed hlin\u00edka, \u017eeleza alebo v\u00e1pnika. Biologick\u00e9 met\u00f3dy zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa simult\u00e1nne zr\u00e1\u017eanie a biologick\u00e9 odstra\u0148ovanie, pri ktorom je fosfor za aer\u00f3bnych podmienok vo vysokej koncentr\u00e1cii prij\u00edman\u00fd mikroorganizmami ako \u017eivina a n\u00e1sledne odveden\u00fd zo syst\u00e9mu alebo uvo\u013enen\u00fd v anaer\u00f3bnej n\u00e1dr\u017ei a odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd v dosadzovacej (usadzovacej) n\u00e1dr\u017ei pridan\u00edm koagulantu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Polychlorid hlinit\u00fd<\/th>\n<td>Polychlorid hlinit\u00fd. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa ako anorganick\u00fd koagulant.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[Skratky] PAC<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Usadzovacia n\u00e1dr\u017e (prim\u00e1rna usadzovacia n\u00e1dr\u017e)<\/th>\n<td>Zariadenie umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00face usadzovanie pevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok s vysokou mernou hmotnos\u0165ou, najm\u00e4 organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok, v odpadovej vode (ozna\u010duje sa ako prim\u00e1rne \u010distenie).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Verejn\u00e1 kanaliz\u00e1cia<\/th>\n<td>Kanaliza\u010dn\u00e1 sie\u0165 spravovan\u00e1 miestnou samospr\u00e1vou na odv\u00e1dzanie alebo \u010distenie odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v mestsk\u00fdch oblastiach, ktor\u00e1 je ukon\u010den\u00e1 \u010distiar\u0148ou odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d alebo je napojen\u00e1 na kme\u0148ov\u00fa kanaliz\u00e1ciu povodia a v ktorej \u0161trukt\u00fare tvoria kryt\u00e9 stoky podstatn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 odvod\u0148ovac\u00edch zariaden\u00ed na odv\u00e1dzanie odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na R&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Prim\u00e1rny kal<\/th>\n<td>Kal usaden\u00fd v prim\u00e1rnej usadzovacej n\u00e1dr\u017ei. Nepre\u0161iel e\u0161te \u017eiadnym spracovan\u00edm. Ide o sediment zo surovej vody, z ktorej bola pred \u010disten\u00edm odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina hrub\u00fdch ne\u010dist\u00f4t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-container-medium uk-margin-large uk-padding-top&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;STU&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_id=&#8220;words07&#8243; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na S&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Karta bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch \u00fadajov<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Pieskov\u00e1 filtr\u00e1cia<\/th>\n<td>Filtre a zariadenia na odstra\u0148ovanie nerozpusten\u00fdch l\u00e1tok vybaven\u00e9 pieskovou vrstvou. V pr\u00edpade viacvrstvovej filtr\u00e1cie by mali vo vrchnej \u010dasti filtrovanej kvapaliny prevl\u00e1da\u0165 hrub\u0161ie zrn\u00e1 alebo zrn\u00e1 s n\u00edzkou hustotou.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Hrablice<\/th>\n<td>Stieracie zariadenie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v \u010distiar\u0148ach odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d na odstr\u00e1nenie hrub\u00fdch ne\u010dist\u00f4t a pl\u00e1vaj\u00facich l\u00e1tok z vody pred samotn\u00fdm \u010disten\u00edm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Pl\u00e1vaj\u00faci kal (pena)<\/th>\n<td>Pevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pl\u00e1vaj\u00face na hladine vody v n\u00e1dr\u017eiach s anaer\u00f3bnym filtrom, usadzovac\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017eiach at\u010f. Nadmern\u00e9 mno\u017estvo pl\u00e1vaj\u00faceho kalu pravdepodobne signalizuje nespr\u00e1vny priebeh procesu.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[S\u00favisiaci pojem] Flot\u00e1cia rozpusten\u00fdm vzduchom<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Odtok zo sekund\u00e1rneho \u010distenia<\/th>\n<td>Ide o vy\u010disten\u00fa vodu (supernatant z dosadzovacej n\u00e1dr\u017ee), ktor\u00e1 bola do\u010disten\u00e1 pieskovou filtr\u00e1ciou a dezinfikovan\u00e1. M\u00f4\u017ee sa vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00e1 voda na splachovanie toaliet alebo polievanie zelene.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Septik<\/th>\n<td>Zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edva mikroorganizmy na \u010distenie spla\u0161kov\u00fdch v\u00f4d z toaliet (fek\u00e1li\u00ed) a komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d z kuch\u00fd\u0148, k\u00fape\u013en\u00ed, pr\u00e1\u010dovn\u00ed at\u010f. Vy\u010disten\u00e1 voda sa vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a mimo verejnej kanaliz\u00e1cie. Tento pojem nezah\u0155\u0148a obecn\u00e9 \u010distiarne odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d. Konkr\u00e9tne ide o zariadenia od domov\u00fdch septikov pri rodinn\u00fdch domoch a\u017e po lok\u00e1lne \u010distiarne odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d pre bytov\u00e9 komplexy, s\u00eddlisk\u00e1 a men\u0161ie obce. Rozli\u0161uj\u00fa sa dva typy septikov: zariadenia \u010distiace iba spla\u0161ky z toaliet (pri\u010dom ostatn\u00e1 odpadov\u00e1 voda z dom\u00e1cnosti sa vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a nevy\u010disten\u00e1) a septiky s kombinovan\u00fdm \u010disten\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 sprac\u00favaj\u00fa spla\u0161kov\u00e9 aj ostatn\u00e9 domov\u00e9 odpadov\u00e9 vody. Od noveliz\u00e1cie z\u00e1kona o domov\u00fdch \u010distiar\u0148ach a septikoch (1983), ktor\u00e1 zak\u00e1zala v\u00fdstavbu nov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch len pre toalety, sa pod pojmom \u201eseptik\u201c rozumie septik s kombinovan\u00fdm \u010disten\u00edm. Tieto n\u00e1dr\u017ee dosahuj\u00fa porovnate\u013en\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 \u010distenia ako kanaliza\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s \u010cOV a odstra\u0148uj\u00fa 90 % zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facich l\u00e1tok pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch v surovej odpadovej vode. In\u0161tal\u00e1ciu t\u00fdchto n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed \u010dasto dotuje \u0161t\u00e1t a samospr\u00e1vy s cie\u013eom zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 finan\u010dn\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e obyvate\u013eov.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Kal<\/th>\n<td>Vo v\u0161eobecnosti ide o nerozpusten\u00e9 l\u00e1tky pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 vo vode, ktor\u00e9 sa vyzr\u00e1\u017eali alebo vypl\u00e1vali na hladinu a vytvorili kalov\u00fa zmes. Patr\u00ed sem zne\u010distenie oddelen\u00e9 od vody v usadzovac\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017eiach v \u010distiar\u0148ach priemyseln\u00fdch a komun\u00e1lnych odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d \u010di v \u00fapravniach vody, ako aj sedimenty usaden\u00e9 na dne riek, jazier a mo\u010diarov. Kal, teda zmes t\u00fdchto jemn\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc a vody, predstavuje najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00ed priemyseln\u00fd odpad.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Nerozpusten\u00e9 l\u00e1tky<\/th>\n<td>L\u00e1tky rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 (suspendovan\u00e9) vo vode. Na ich stanovenie sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dve met\u00f3dy: met\u00f3da filtr\u00e1cie cez filtra\u010dn\u00fd papier (prefiltrovanie odpadovej vody cez sklovl\u00e1knit\u00fd filtra\u010dn\u00fd papier s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou p\u00f3rov 1 \u00b5m a zv\u00e1\u017eenie su\u0161iny \u010dast\u00edc zachyten\u00fdch na filtri (jednotka: mg\/l)) a met\u00f3da odstre\u010fovania. Vo\u013eba met\u00f3dy z\u00e1vis\u00ed od charakteru vzorky. Nerozpusten\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v odpadovej vode s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm ukazovate\u013eom miery zne\u010distenia. Pri \u010disten\u00ed v\u00f4d priamo s\u00favisia s mno\u017estvom vyprodukovan\u00e9ho kalu. Pri odvod\u0148ovac\u00edch lisoch sa z hodn\u00f4t nerozpusten\u00fdch l\u00e1tok (NL) vo vstupnom kale a vo filtr\u00e1te vypo\u010d\u00edtava d\u00e1vkovanie chemik\u00e1li\u00ed, mno\u017estvo kalu na likvid\u00e1ciu, \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 z\u00e1chytu nerozpusten\u00fdch l\u00e1tok at\u010f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[Skratka] NL (nerozpusten\u00e9 l\u00e1tky) \/ SS (Suspended Solids)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na T&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Celkov\u00e1 su\u0161ina (a obsah vody)<\/th>\n<td>Celkov\u00e1 su\u0161ina (TS) je zvy\u0161ok vzorky po jej odparen\u00ed dosucha a n\u00e1slednom vysu\u0161en\u00ed pri teplote 105 a\u017e 110 \u00b0C po\u010das 2 hod\u00edn (v z\u00e1vislosti od objemu vzorky m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 potrebn\u00fd dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das). Z mno\u017estva odparenej vody sa vypo\u010d\u00edta obsah vody. Celkov\u00e1 su\u0161ina sl\u00fa\u017ei na odhad celkov\u00e9ho mno\u017estva l\u00e1tok pr\u00edtomn\u00fdch v odpadovej vode. Z rozdielu medzi celkovou su\u0161inou a nerozpusten\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami mo\u017eno pribli\u017ene ur\u010di\u0165 obsah rozpusten\u00fdch sol\u00ed. Pri odvod\u0148ovacom lise sa z celkovej su\u0161iny a obsahu vody v kalovom kol\u00e1\u010di vypo\u010d\u00edtava celkov\u00e9 mno\u017estvo odvodnen\u00e9ho kalu ur\u010den\u00e9ho na likvid\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n<div class=\"uk-text-small\">[Skratka] TS (Total Solids \u2013 celkov\u00e1 su\u0161ina)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-container-medium uk-margin-large uk-padding-top&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;VWX&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_id=&#8220;words08&#8243; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na V&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>VTS (strata \u017e\u00edhan\u00edm \/ Volatile Total Solids)<\/th>\n<td>Mno\u017estvo l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 vyprch\u00e1 pri vy\u017e\u00edhan\u00ed celkovej su\u0161iny pri vysokej teplote 601 \u00b0C, sl\u00fa\u017ei ako ukazovate\u013e podielu organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Strata \u017e\u00edhan\u00edm je jedn\u00fdm z faktorov ovplyv\u0148uj\u00facich \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 odvod\u0148ovania kalu \u2013 \u010d\u00edm je strata \u017e\u00edhan\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ia, t\u00fdm \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie sa zni\u017euje obsah vody v kalovom kol\u00e1\u010di. Ak je strata \u017e\u00edhan\u00edm pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1, redukcia objemu vody v kale je ob\u0165a\u017en\u00e1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na W&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"uk-table uk-table-striped\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"20%\" \/>\n<col width=\"80%\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Prebyto\u010dn\u00fd aktivovan\u00fd kal<\/th>\n<td>Pri \u010disten\u00ed odpadovej vody v aktiva\u010dnej n\u00e1dr\u017ei sa mikroorganizmy \u017eivia organick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami, \u010d\u00edm vodu \u010distia, no z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa samy rozmno\u017euj\u00fa. V d\u00f4sledku tohto n\u00e1rastu biomasy vznik\u00e1 prebyto\u010dn\u00fd aktivovan\u00fd kal, ktor\u00fd je potrebn\u00e9 zo syst\u00e9mu odv\u00e1dza\u0165 a zne\u0161kod\u0148ova\u0165.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>Obsah vody<\/th>\n<td>Podiel vody v materi\u00e1li (jednotka: %). V kale a podobn\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch sa v\u0161etko ostatn\u00e9 okrem obsahu vody ozna\u010duje ako celkov\u00e1 su\u0161ina (TS). (Pozri Celkov\u00e1 su\u0161ina.)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_section el_class=&#8220;words-nav border-bottom&#8220;][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-padding-top uk-padding-bottom&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Slovn\u00edk pojmov&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h1|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h1-border&#8220;][vc_column_text] ABC DEF GHI JKL MNO PQR STU VWX [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section][vc_section][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-container-medium uk-margin-large uk-padding-top&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;ABC&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na A&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220; el_id=&#8220;words01&#8243;][vc_column_text] Aktivovan\u00fd kal Technol\u00f3gia \u010distenia na odstra\u0148ovanie organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faca mikroorganizmy v kale rozpt\u00fdlen\u00edm \u201eaktivovan\u00e9ho kalu\u201c, v ktorom s\u00fa mikroorganizmy zhluknut\u00e9 za aer\u00f3bnych podmienok v odpadovej vode. Prebyto\u010dn\u00fd aktivovan\u00fd kal sa zo septiku odstra\u0148uje a n\u00e1sledne spracov\u00e1va. Aer\u00e1cia (prevzdu\u0161\u0148ovanie) Pri \u010disten\u00ed odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d ide o vh\u00e1\u0148anie alebo mie\u0161anie vzduchu s cie\u013eom doda\u0165 kysl\u00edk potrebn\u00fd pre mikroorganizmy na rozklad organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Prebubl\u00e1vanie. Aktiva\u010dn\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e Zariadenie (n\u00e1dr\u017e), v ktorom sa aktivovan\u00fd kal a odpadov\u00e1 voda mie\u0161aj\u00fa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/\" class=\"more-link\">&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  Slovn\u00edk pojmov<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":19,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-c.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_et_pb_custom_css":""},"class_list":["post-45740","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_et_pb_custom_css":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Slovn\u00edk pojmov | AMCON Europe<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Slovn\u00edk pojmov | AMCON Europe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_section el_class=&#8220;words-nav border-bottom&#8220;][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-padding-top uk-padding-bottom&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Slovn\u00edk pojmov&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h1|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h1-border&#8220;][vc_column_text] ABC DEF GHI JKL MNO PQR STU VWX [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section][vc_section][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-container-medium uk-margin-large uk-padding-top&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;ABC&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na A&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220; el_id=&#8220;words01&#8243;][vc_column_text] Aktivovan\u00fd kal Technol\u00f3gia \u010distenia na odstra\u0148ovanie organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faca mikroorganizmy v kale rozpt\u00fdlen\u00edm \u201eaktivovan\u00e9ho kalu\u201c, v ktorom s\u00fa mikroorganizmy zhluknut\u00e9 za aer\u00f3bnych podmienok v odpadovej vode. Prebyto\u010dn\u00fd aktivovan\u00fd kal sa zo septiku odstra\u0148uje a n\u00e1sledne spracov\u00e1va. Aer\u00e1cia (prevzdu\u0161\u0148ovanie) Pri \u010disten\u00ed odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d ide o vh\u00e1\u0148anie alebo mie\u0161anie vzduchu s cie\u013eom doda\u0165 kysl\u00edk potrebn\u00fd pre mikroorganizmy na rozklad organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Prebubl\u00e1vanie. Aktiva\u010dn\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e Zariadenie (n\u00e1dr\u017e), v ktorom sa aktivovan\u00fd kal a odpadov\u00e1 voda mie\u0161aj\u00fa ... Slovn\u00edk pojmov\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AMCON Europe\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AMCON.Europe.sro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/AMCON-Europe_site-image.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"13 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/\",\"name\":\"Slovn\u00edk pojmov | AMCON Europe\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-27T17:20:30+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Slovn\u00edk pojmov\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/\",\"name\":\"AMCON Europe\",\"description\":\"Bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9 odvod\u0148ovanie kalu\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Slovn\u00edk pojmov | AMCON Europe","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"Slovn\u00edk pojmov | AMCON Europe","og_description":"[vc_section el_class=&#8220;words-nav border-bottom&#8220;][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-padding-top uk-padding-bottom&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Slovn\u00edk pojmov&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h1|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h1-border&#8220;][vc_column_text] ABC DEF GHI JKL MNO PQR STU VWX [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section][vc_section][vc_row el_class=&#8220;uk-container uk-container-medium uk-margin-large uk-padding-top&#8220;][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;ABC&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;ttl-h3&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8220;Pojmy za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face na A&#8220; font_container=&#8220;tag:h3|text_align:left&#8220; use_theme_fonts=&#8220;yes&#8220; el_class=&#8220;c-green uk-text-medium uk-text-bold&#8220; el_id=&#8220;words01&#8243;][vc_column_text] Aktivovan\u00fd kal Technol\u00f3gia \u010distenia na odstra\u0148ovanie organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00faca mikroorganizmy v kale rozpt\u00fdlen\u00edm \u201eaktivovan\u00e9ho kalu\u201c, v ktorom s\u00fa mikroorganizmy zhluknut\u00e9 za aer\u00f3bnych podmienok v odpadovej vode. Prebyto\u010dn\u00fd aktivovan\u00fd kal sa zo septiku odstra\u0148uje a n\u00e1sledne spracov\u00e1va. Aer\u00e1cia (prevzdu\u0161\u0148ovanie) Pri \u010disten\u00ed odpadov\u00fdch v\u00f4d ide o vh\u00e1\u0148anie alebo mie\u0161anie vzduchu s cie\u013eom doda\u0165 kysl\u00edk potrebn\u00fd pre mikroorganizmy na rozklad organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok. Prebubl\u00e1vanie. Aktiva\u010dn\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e Zariadenie (n\u00e1dr\u017e), v ktorom sa aktivovan\u00fd kal a odpadov\u00e1 voda mie\u0161aj\u00fa ... Slovn\u00edk pojmov","og_url":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/","og_site_name":"AMCON Europe","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AMCON.Europe.sro","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/AMCON-Europe_site-image.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania":"13 min\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/","url":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/","name":"Slovn\u00edk pojmov | AMCON Europe","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-06-27T17:20:30+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/slovnik-pojmov\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Slovn\u00edk pojmov"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/","name":"AMCON Europe","description":"Bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9 odvod\u0148ovanie kalu","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45740"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45740\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50093,"href":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/45740\/revisions\/50093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.amcon-eu.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}